Impacts of Unfavourable Socioeconomic Factors on School Adaptation in First-Graders

The paper presents results of a study on the effects of unfavourable socioeconomic factors in preschool development on the features of school adaptation in children of Arkhangelsk city. The study involved 193 first-graders aged 7—8 years. A set of sixteen methods was used to describe the components of school adaptation: cognitive, emotional, emotional-behavioral, behavioral. Socioeconomic risk factors were analysed using the Social Family Passport technique. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation and stepwise discriminant analysis. The most frequent factors of socioeconomic deprivation are the following: drastic changes in the child’s life; disparity in the estimated values of the family’s living expenses; parental alcoholism and smoking; incomplete families, etc. It is shown that adverse socioeconomic factors in preschool childhood have a controversial effect on the features of school adaptation in children, but are definitely a significant risk for all of its components.