Natural science assessment of postmodern approach to linguistics and literary creativity

There are two lines of ascent to understanding the essence of the word and language. One line is gnoseological, it can be represented as a line that goes from the sensual perception to the representation, from the representation to the concept, from the concept to the idea. It has been brilliantly designed by the outstanding Russian linguist A. A. Potebnya. The second line leads from top to bottom, the beginning of it is to be just Platonic idea. This line could now be called an ontological line, taking into account its explication by Martin Heidegger΄s fundamental ontology. The article shows how the synthesis of these two lines allows to confront the postmodern doctrine of arbitrariness (F. Saussur, Jacques Derrida) in the solution of the question of relationship between the signifier and signified, the sign (word) and thing (object).