Acute Cocaine Exposure and Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Retrospective Clinical Study and Literature Review

Methods: A retrospective chart review of the patients with International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9) diagnostic code of 430-437 between January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2005 was performed. Three major CVD including Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH, ICD-9 code: 430), Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH, 431), and cerebral artery occlusion with infarction (Infarct, 434.91) were included. Urine Drug Screen (UDS) was performed on admission. Patients who did not receive UDS were excluded. Patients were divided into Cocaine-Positive (CP) and Cocaine-Negative (CN) groups and further subgroups based on the gender, age, race, and comorbidities.