Çanakkale Cephesinde Türk Ordusunun Menzil Teşkilatı ve Askeri Ulaştırma Hizmetleri

Canakkale Muharebelerinde Turk tarafinin basariya ulasmasindaki onemli faktorlerin basinda Menzil teskilati ve askeri nakliye (ulastirma) hizmetleri gelmektedir. Askeri lojistik ihtiyaclari deruhte etmek maksadiyla 25 Mart 1915 sonrasinda 5’inci Ordu Komutanligi emrinde 5’inci Menzil Mufettisligi (Kumandanligi) kurulmustur. Ikmal maddeleri, dusman deniz topcusunun etki sahasindan uzakta cephe gerisindeki depolara nakledilmis, buradan siperlere kadar ulastirilmasi prensibi uzerinde durulmustur. Istanbul’dan deniz yoluyla ya da demiryolu ile tasinan ikmal maddeleri Biga’da kurulan ambarlarda depolanmistir. Buradan mavnalar ve kucuk deniz vasitalari ile ikmal maddelerinin tasinmasina oncelik verilmistir. Suyolunun kesintiye ugramasi durumunda ise Menzil Komutanliginca okuz, deve ve mekkâre kollari ile ikmal maddeleri intikali yapilmistir. Anafartalar ve Ariburnu bolgesindeki birliklerin ikmali icin Bigali’nin kuzeyinde, Seddulbahir bolgesindeki birliklerin ikmali icin Soganlidere bolgesinde Grup Komutanliklari depolari kurulmus, buralardan lojistik destek saglanmistir. Ikmal maddelerinin nakliyatinda “birlige kadar goturme” usulu tercih edilmistir. Menzil Komutanligi emrindeki nakliye birliklerinin en onemli problemleri; muharebelerin siddetlendigi donemlerde istirahat edememe, nakliye hayvanlarinin zayifligi, nakliye motorlu araclarinin piston ve benzeri yedek parcalarinin olmayisi, Ingiliz ve Fransiz ucaklarinin bombalarindan verilen zayiatlar olmustur. Canakkale Muharebelerinde, cephenin Istanbul’a yakinligi, “Tekâlif-i Harbiye” ile ikmal maddelerinin yerinden temini ve Balkan harpleri gibi diger muharebelerden alinan dersler sebebiyle ikmal maddesi nakliyatinda onemli problemler yasanmamistir. Birinci Dunya Savasi icerisinde lojistik sistemin en verimli bicimde isletildigi cephenin Canakkale cephesi oldugu degerlendirilebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Canakkale, Lojistik, Menzil, Ikmal, Ulastirma. At Canakkale Front Turkish Army Support Unit Organisation and Military Transport Services Abstract Command Support Staff Organization and Military Transport Services are among the important factors that lead to the success of Turkish side at Canakkale Battles. After March 25, 1915  in order to undertake logistics needs, 5th Command Support Staff Inspectorate was established under the command of the 5th Army Command. Supply substances were transfered to the storage areas behind the front away from the effects of enemy naval artillery, and from there the principle was to deliver them to the trenches. Supply materials transported from Istanbul by sea or by rail were stored in warehouses established in Biga. From Biga, the priority was given to tranfering the materials by means of barges or small sea vehicles. In case of interruption of the waterway, Support command provided the transport of the supply materials by ox, camel and mekkare (rented beasts of burden) convoys. For the resupply of the troops at Anafartalar and Ariburnu area, Group command stores were established at the North of Bigali, fort he resupply of the troops at Seddulbahir  area, Group Command stores were establihed and logistics support had been provided. Take up to the unit procedure was preferred  for the transport of supply materials. Most important problems of the units under the command of Command Support Staff:  inability to rest in the periods of intensified hostilities, the weakness of the shipping animals, absence of pistons and similar spare parts of motor transport vehicles, and casualities given by British and French bombardment planes. In the Battle of Canakkale, no important problem was experienced in the transport of supply materials because of  the proximity of the front to Istanbul, providing the supply materials locally  by  “Tekâlif-i harbiye” (a kind of war tax) and lessons learned from Balkan wars. It can be assesed that In the First World War, logistics system was operated  most efficiently at Canakkale Front. Keywords: Dardanel, Logistics, Support Unit System, Supply, Transportation.