ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS OF DIAMOND ABRASIVE TOOLS FOR PROCESSING OF STONE MATERIALS

The technical level of the stone processing tools corresponds to the level of advanced technology of processing stone pieces of a specific degree of hardness. The analysis of historical building objects, e.g. in Ancient Egypt, informs and allows to put forward a hypothesis about the tools used at that time and the advancement of machining technology from the period from 3000 BC, where the small natural grains of the diamond, called amadeus, were used as an abrasive. The historical periods describing the diamond, as a raw material for the production of machining tools, proved that the degree of development of human civilization and the possibility of technical development of many branches of economic life in the whole world is determined by the determinant of machining tools. The study presents the genesis of the development of machining tools with placing and verifying the hypothesis about the production of diamond segments during the construction of the pyramids in Giza, with the 19th and 20th century development of diamond tools. The hypothesis put forward results from the conducted research studies analyzing the behavior of diamond grain in a metallic–tin bond.