TÜRKİYE’DE TEKNOPARKLARIN COĞRAFİ DAĞILIM VE YOĞUNLUĞU (2001-2015)- Analysis of Geographical Distribution and Concentration of Technoparks in Turkey (2001-2015)

Teknoloji Gelistirme Bolgeleri olarak bilinen teknoparklar, Turkiye’de son yillarda sayica artis gostermistir. 2001 yilindan baslayarak kurulan ve faaliyete gecen teknoparklar, oncelikle sanayilesmis illerde kurulmus ve zaman icerisinde diger illere dogru bir yayilim gostermistir. Gerek girisimcilik, gerekse ekonomik buyume literaturlerinde sikca gecen yenilikcilige yonelik politikalarin parcasi olan bu kurumlarin cografi dagilimi buyume veya girisimcilik uzerine yapilan politikalarin cografi acidan yogunlasmasini gostermesi acisindan onemlidir. Bu calisma Turkiye’de faaliyette olan veya kurulma asamasinda olan teknoparklarin, yillara gore cografi dagilimi, il ve bolge duzeylerinde cografi dagiliminin haritalanmasi ve iki farkli mekânsal istatistik yontemi kullanilarak elde edilen standart sapma elipsini ve cografi agirlik noktasinin gostermektedir. Harita ciktilari analiz edildiginde Turkiye’de teknoparklarin yogunlugunun sanayilesmis il ve bolgelerle kisitli kaldigi gorulmektedir. Anahtar Sozcukler: Teknopark, Yenilikcilik Politikasi, Ekonomik Cografya, Mekânsal Istatistik, Standart Sapma Elipsi. ABSTRACT Recently there is an increase in the number of technoparks which are also known as Technology Development Zones, in Turkey. Technoparks in Turkey were initally founded mostly in industrialized cities and in time they were founded in other cities. Geographical distribution of technoparks are important as these establishments are part of the policy tools associated with innovation, which is a term frequently used in economic growth or entrepreneurship literature. Also, geographical concentration of technoparks, as one of the sources of innovation is another important subject matter in those literatures. This study shows the geographical distribution of technoparks (both active and founded but not active) between the years 2001 and 2015 at the city and the regional levels. Also, by using two spatial statistical techniques, this study shows the standard deviational elipse and the geographical mean center of technoparks in Turkey. Map analysis’ show that, throughout the years, concentration of technoparks in Turkey were limited to industrialized cities and regions.  Keywords: Technoparks, Science Parks, Innovation Policy, Economic Geography, Spatial Statistics, Standard Deviational Ellipse.