SANAYİDE YER SEÇİMİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERE BİR ÖRNEK; TÜRKİYE KİBRİT İNHİSARI VE SİNOP KİBRİT FABRİKASI-An Example to Sıte Selectıon Effecting Factors in Industry; Turkısh Match Monopoly and Sinop Match Factory

1923 yilinda imzalanan Lozan Anlasmasi ile birlikte gumruk vergileri 1916’daki haliyle kaliyordu. Bu durumun butcede olusturdugu boslugun doldurulmasi icin hukumetin buldugu en iyi cozum, serbestce fiyat belirleyebilecegi inhisarlarin (tekellerin) olusturulmasiydi. Bu baglamda ilk kurulan inhisarlardan biri kibrit inhisari oldu. Acilan ihaleyi SOGALFOR (Societe General Allumettiere et Forestiere) isimli Belcika sirketi kazandi. Şirket yapilan sozlesme geregi uc yil icinde yerli odun kullanarak Turkiye’nin kibrit ihtiyacini karsilayacak bir fabrika kurmayi taahhut ediyordu. Turkiye Kibrit Inhisari A.Ş. olarak kurulan Turkiye’nin ilk yabanci sermayeli kuruluslarindan olan sirket, fabrikasini hammaddeye yakin oldugu icin Sinop’a kurmustu. Fakat bu fabrika, insaat zemininin uygun olmamasi sebebiyle faaliyete gectikten kisa bir sure sonra kullanilmaz duruma geldi. SOGALFOR yeni fabrika yapmak istemeyince anlasma iptal edilerek inhisar farkli bir sozlesme ile ATIC (American-Turkish Investment Corporation) isimli bir sirkete verildi. Bu sozlesmede de fabrika kurma zorunlulugu bulunsa da kibrit uretimi icin yerli odun kullanma zorunlulugu kaldirilmisti. Bu sebeple ATIC kuracagi fabrikanin yerini daha ekonomik olacagi icin Istanbul olarak belirledi. Boylece Cumhuriyet’in ilk yillarinda Sinop, Turkiye’nin belki de ilk sanayi sehri olma firsatini kaybetti.  Abstract Customs duties remained the same as in 1916 by the Treaty of Lausanne, signed in 1923. To fill the cavity caused from this situation, the best solution found by the government was to constitute monopolies by which it could adjust the prices freely. In this context, the match monopoly was one of the first monopolies constituted. The tender was won by a Belgian company called Societe General Allumettiere et Forestiere. The company, with an agreement, was giving an undertaking to found a factory which would produce the matches that Turkey needs with the local wood in three years. The company named as Turkish Match Monopoly founded by one of the first foreign capital built its factory in Sinop as it was close to the raw materials. However, this factory became unusable as the construction ground was inconvenient. As SOGALFOR didn’t want to build a new factory, the monopoly was given to a company called ATIC (American-Turkish Investment Corporation) with a new agreement. There was an obligation to build a factory in this agreement too, but the stipulation to use local food had been abolished. For this reason, ATIC decided to build the factory in Istanbul as it would be more economical. So, in early years of the republic, Sinop has lost the opportunity to be the first industrial town.   Keywords: Turkey, Sinop, match monopoly, match factory.