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In 2006,  Batrachedra nuciferae  Hodges (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) was the first phytophagous insect to be reported from inflorescences of coconut,  Cocos nucifera  L. (Arecales: Arecaceae), in Trinidad, West Indies. At that time, it was suggested to be an introduced species contributing to decreasing coconut yields on the island and potentially a threat to other palms. In this preliminary study, inflorescences of coconut, seven indigenous palms, and six exotic ornamental palms were surveyed in several areas of Trinidad. Caterpillars of more than 10 species of Lepidoptera were found and reared through to the adult stage.  Batrachedra nuciferae  was positively identified. It was concluded that the caterpillars of  B. nuciferae  feed on pollen in the male flowers of coconut and palmiste or royal palm,  Roystonea oleracea  (Jacquin) O.F. Cook. There was no evidence that  B. nuciferae  bred on any of the other palms surveyed, but it is not conclusive that they do not do so. A parasitoid,  Apanteles  ( sensu lato ) sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), of  B. nuciferae  was reared. On available information,  B. nuciferae  is more likely to be an indigenous species that has hitherto been overlooked than an introduced species. In view of what is known about damage-yield relationships and biological control agents,  B. nuciferae  is unlikely to cause yield losses to coconut, so control measures are not justified.

journal of insect science

Batrachedra nuciferae, an Inflorescence-Feeding Moth Associated with Coconut,Cocos nucifera, and Palmiste,Roystonea oleracea, in Trinidad, West Indies