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Baculoviruses may interact with parasitoids in the same host. A previous study has shown that infection of larvae with  Spodoptera litura  nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) was deleterious to the survival and development of  Meteorus pulchricornis  (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In this paper, the interactions between  M. pulchricornis  and  Spodoptera exigua  multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) in  Spodoptera exigua  (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a permissive host of the virus and parasitoid, were investigated. The results showed that the effect of  M. pulchricornis  on SeMNPV and the effect of the virus on the parasitoid both depended on the concentration of the virus and the interval between viral infection and parasitism. Whether  S. exigua  was treated with the parasitoid and virus simultaneously or 1 day apart, the biological activities of 10 5 , 10 6 , and 10 7  OBs/mL SeMNPV were all significantly improved by  M. pulchricornis . In contrast, the biological activity of 10 3  OBs/mL SeMNPV was significantly decreased when the host was exposed to the virus and parasitoid simultaneously. Regarding the impact of SeMNPV on  M. pulchricornis , exposing the host to the parasitoid and SeMNPV with concentrations lower than 10 6  occlusion bodies (OBs)/mL produced no negative effects on the parasitoid. The results also showed that ingestion of SeMNPV by adult stage  M. pulchricornis  significantly increased the number of parasitoid offspring that successfully emerged from the host. Furthermore,  M. pulchricornis  was found to transmit SeMNPV among populations of  S. exigua . Taken together, these findings indicate that  M. pulchricornis  integrated with an appropriate concentration of SeMNPV has the potential to improve the efficacy of biological control against  S. exigua .

Interactions betweenMeteorus pulchricornisandSpodoptera exiguaMultiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus