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The twospotted spider mite,  Tetranychus urticae  Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is an important pest of vegetables and other economically important crops. This study evaluated the functional responses and prey-stage preferences of three species of predators, a predatory gall midge,  Feltiella acarisuga  (Vallot) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and two predatory mite species,  Neoseiulus californicus  (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and  Amblyseius swirskii  (AnthiasHenriot), with  T. urticae  as the host, under laboratory conditions. The results showed that  F. acarisuga  was highly effective and the two species of predacious mites were moderately effective in feeding on  T. urticae  eggs. Logistic regression analysis suggested Type II (convex) functional responses for all three species. However, based on the estimates of the handling time and the attacking rates, the three predators had different predation capacities. Among the three species,  F. acarisuga  had the highest predation on  T. urticae . The maximum daily predation by a larval  F. acarisuga  was 50 eggs/day, followed by a female  N. californicus  (25.6 eggs/day) and a female  A. swirskii  (15.1 eggs/day). A female  N. californicus  produced more eggs than a female  A. swirskii  did when they both fed on  T. urticae  eggs. In addition, all three predator species had no preystage preference for either prey eggs or nymphs. The findings from this study could help select better biological control agents for effective control of  T. urticae  and other pests in vegetable productions.

journal of insect science

Functional Responses and Prey-Stage Preferences of a Predatory Gall Midge and Two Predacious Mites with Twospotted Spider Mites,<i>Tetranychus</i>Urticae, as Host

Functional Responses and Prey-Stage Preferences of a Predatory Gall Midge and Two Predacious Mites with Twospotted Spider Mites,TetranychusUrticae, as Host