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Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) account for more than 80% of all “Auchenorrhynchous” vectors that transmit phytoplasmas. The leafhopper populations in two almond witches'-broom phytoplasma (AlmWB) infected sites: Tanboureet (south of Lebanon) and Bourj El Yahoudieh (north of Lebanon) were surveyed using yellow sticky traps. The survey revealed that the most abundant species was  Asymmetrasca decedens , which represented 82.4% of all the leafhoppers sampled. Potential phytoplasma vectors in members of the subfamilies Aphrodinae, Deltocephalinae, and Megophthalminae were present in very low numbers including:  Aphrodes makarovi ,  Cicadulina bipunctella ,  Euscelidius mundus ,  Fieberiella macchiae ,  Allygus theryi ,  Circulifer haematoceps ,  Neoaliturus transversalis , and  Megophthalmus scabripennis .  Allygus theryi  (Horváth) (Deltocephalinae) was reported for the first time in Lebanon. Nested PCR analysis and sequencing showed that  Asymmetrasca decedens ,  Empoasca decipiens ,  Fieberiella macchiae ,  Euscelidius mundus ,  Thamnottetix seclusis ,  Balclutha  sp.,  Lylatina inexpectata ,  Allygus  sp., and  Annoplotettix danutae  were nine potential carriers of AlmWB phytoplasma. Although the detection of phytoplasmas in an insect does not prove a definite vector relationship, the technique is useful in narrowing the search for potential vectors. The importance of this information for management of AlmWB is discussed.

Survey of Leafhopper Species in Almond Orchards Infected with Almond Witches'-Broom Phytoplasma in Lebanon