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Termites constitute a considerable fraction of the animal biomass in tropical forest, but little quantitative data are available that indicates their importance in the processes of wood decomposition. This study evaluated the participation of  Nasutitermes corniger  (Motschulsky) (Isoptera: Termitidae),  N. ephratae  (Holmgren), and  N. macrocephalus  (Silvestri) in the consumption of the wood litter in a remnant area of Atlantic Coastal Forest in northeastern Brazil. The populations of this species were quantified in nests and in decomposing tree trunks, while the rate of wood consumption was determined in the laboratory using wood test-blocks of  Clitoria fairchildiana  Howard (Fabales: Fabaceae),  Cecropia  sp. (Urticales: Cecropiaceae), and  Protium heptaphyllum  (Aublet) Marchand (Sapindales: Burseraceae). The abundance of the three species of termites varied from 40.8 to 462.2 individuals/m 2 . The average dry wood consumption for the three species was 9.4 mg/g of termites (fresh weight)/day, with  N. macrocephalus  demonstrating the greatest consumption (12.1 mg/g of termite (fresh weight)/day). Wood consumption by the three species of  Nasutitermes  was estimated to be 66.9 kg of dry wood /ha/year, corresponding to approximately 2.9% of the annual production of wood-litter in the study area. This consumption, together with that of the other 18 exclusively wood-feeders termite species known to occur in the area, indicates the important participation of termites in removing wood-litter within the Atlantic Coastal Forest domain.

Wood Litter Consumption by three Species ofNasutitermesTermites in an Area of the Atlantic Coastal Forest in Northeastern Brazil