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The response of the Asian gypsy moth  Lymantria dispar  (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) to a fusion gene consisting of the spider,  Atrax robustus  Simon (Araneae: Hexanthelidae) ω?-ACTX-Ar1 sequence coding for an ω?-atracotoxin and a sequence coding for the  Bt -toxin C-peptide, expressed in transgenic poplar  Populus simonii  x  P. nigra  L. (Malphigiales: Salicaceae) was investigated. Individual performance, feeding selection, midgut proteinase activity and nutrition utilization were monitored. The growth and development of  L. dispar  were significantly affected by continually feeding on the transgenic poplar, with the larval instars displaying significantly shorter developmental times than those fed on nontransgenic poplar, but pupation was delayed. Mortality was higher in populations fed transgenic poplar leaves, than for larvae fed nontransgenic poplar leaves. The cumulative mortality during all stages of larvae fed transgenic leaves was 92% compared to 16.7% of larvae on nontransgenic leaves. The highest mortality observed was 71.7% in the last larval instar stage. A two-choice test showed that fifth-instar larvae preferred to feed on nontransgenic leaves at a ratio of 1:1.4. Feeding on transgenic leaves had highly significant negative effects on relative growth of larvae, and the efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food. Activity of major midgut proteinases was measured using substrates TAME and BTEE showed significant increases in tryptase and chymotrypsinlike activity (9.2- and 9.0-fold, respectively) in fifth-instar larvae fed on transgenic leaves over control. These results suggest transgenic poplar is resistant to  L. dispar , and the mature  L. dispar  may be weakened by the transgenic plants due to  Bt  protoxins activated by elevated major midgut proteinase activity. The new transgenic poplar expressing fusion protein genes of  Bt  and a new spider insecticidal peptide are good candidates for managing gypsy moth.

journal of insect science

Response of the Gypsy Moth,Lymantria disparto Transgenic Poplar,Populus simoniixP. nigra, Expressing Fusion Protein Gene of the Spider Insecticidal Peptide andBt-toxin C-peptide