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A fungal epizootic has been detected in populations of the scale  Fiorinia externa  Ferris (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in the eastern hemlock,  Tsuga canadensis  (L.) Carrière (Pinales: Pinaceae), of several northeastern states.  Colletotrichum acutatum  Simmonds var.  fioriniae  Marcelino and Gouli var. nov. inedit (Phyllachorales: Phyllachoraceae), a well-known plant pathogen, was the most commonly recovered fungus from these infected scales. This is the second report of a  Colletotrichum  sp. infecting scale insects. In Brazil  C. gloeosporioides  f. sp.  ortheziidae  recovered from  Orthezia praelonga  is under development as a biopesticide for citrus production.  C. acutatum  was detected growing endophytically in 28 species of plants within the epizootic areas. DNA sequences of the High Mobility Box at the MAT 1–2, mating type gene indicate that  Colletotrichum  sp. isolates recovered from scale insects and plants within epizootic areas were identical. Results from plant bioassays showed that this entomopathogenic  Colletotrichum  variety grew endophytically in all of the plants tested without causing external symptoms or signs of infection, with the exception of strawberry plants where mild symptoms of infection were observed. The implications of these findings with respect to the use of this fungus as a biological control agent are discussed.

journal of insect science

Host Plant Associations of an Entomopathogenic Variety of the Fungus,<i>Colletotrichum acutatum</i>, Recovered from the Elongate Hemlock Scale,<i>Fiorinia externa</i>

Host Plant Associations of an Entomopathogenic Variety of the Fungus,Colletotrichum acutatum, Recovered from the Elongate Hemlock Scale,Fiorinia externa