Current Status of Adjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer

Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Explain the rationale for the use of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemoradiation and/or chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with potentially resectable pancreatic cancer. Describe the limitations of prior prospective, randomized trials of adjuvant therapy strategies and the clinical implications of these limitations. Compare modern strategies for the multidisciplinary management of potentially resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com . In this article, we review the rationale for and outcomes associated with the use of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy for resectable and borderline resectable cancer of the pancreatic head and uncinate process. Localized pancreatic cancer is a systemic disease that requires nonoperative therapies to minimize the local and systemic recurrences that almost invariably occur in the absence of such therapy, even following complete surgical resection. A well‐defined role exists for the systemic administration of gemcitabine or 5‐fluorouracil in the postoperative setting. Although the survival benefit associated with adjuvant chemoradiation has not been as rigorously defined, its use is supported by extensive historic experience; chemoradiation should be considered particularly for patients at high risk for local recurrence. Delivery of chemotherapy and/or chemoradiation prior to surgery has multiple potential advantages, although the superiority of neoadjuvant therapy over standard postoperative therapy has yet to be demonstrated. Neoadjuvant therapy may be particularly beneficial among patients with borderline resectable cancers. Although the existing literature is confusing, and indeed controversial, available evidence suggests that systemic chemotherapy and/or chemoradiation should be offered to all patients with pancreatic cancer who undergo potentially curative resection. Well‐designed prospective trials are needed to define the optimal adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy strategy for these patients.