RANS turbulence treatment for continuous adjoint optimization

This paper discusses the implementational aspects related to the turbulence modelling for continuous adjoint optimization. The starting point is the derivation of equations of the high-Reynolds number kmodel of turbulence in the framework of continuous adjoint optimization. The focus here is on the analysis of the behaviour of different terms in derived adjoint equations, and their implementation into a general-purpose CFD solver based on the finite volume discretization. The success in ensuring computational stability when performing optimization simulations deploying continuous adjoint method method, is presented on several generic test cases.