Open Access2011 Robert S. Engelmore Memorial Lecture Award: Playing with Cases: Rendering Expressive Music with Case‐Based Reasoning
Author(s) -
Mantaras Ramon Lopez,
Arcos Josep Lluís
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
ai magazine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.597
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 2371-9621
pISSN - 0738-4602
DOI - 10.1609/aimag.v33i4.2405
Subject(s) - gesture , computer science , rendering (computer graphics) , active listening , musical , focus (optics) , multimedia , cognitive science , human–computer interaction , artificial intelligence , visual arts , psychology , art , communication , physics , optics
This article surveys long‐term research on the problem of rendering expressive music by means of AI techniques with an emphasis on case‐based reasoning (CBR). Following a brief overview discussing why people prefer listening to expressive music instead of nonexpressive synthesized music, we examine a representative selection of well‐known approaches to expressive computer music performance with an emphasis on AI‐related approaches. In the main part of the article we focus on the existing CBR approaches to the problem of synthesizing expressive music, and particularly on Tempo‐Express, a case‐based reasoning system developed at our Institute, for applying musically acceptable tempo transformations to mono‐phonic audio recordings of musical performances. Finally we briefly describe an ongoing extension of our previous work consisting of complementing audio information with information about the gestures of the musician. Music is played through our bodies, therefore capturing the gesture of the performer is a fun‐ damental aspect that has to be taken into account in future expressive music renderings. This article is based on the “2011 Robert S. Engelmore Memorial Lecture” given by the first author at AAAI/IAAI 2011.