Habermas’ Communicative Action and its Platonic, Biblical and Metaphysical Consolidation. An Introduction to Democratical Political Philosophy

In his great theory of the communicative action Jurgen Habermas1 presents reality as action and divides it into two parts: teleological action and communicative action; he is, in particular, concerned also about “reason” (about “rationality”) in its, as he thinks, Enlightenment meaning as single reason or distinguished reason2. At the same time Enlightenment reason includes Hobbes’ and, especially, Lock’s notion of many reasons in the process of agreement. In any case, Habermas discusses the question of reason with modern philosophers, from Kant, Heidegger, Derrida, Castoriadis, to Foucault and Luhmann. We may say that he is concerned about reality formulated in two main categories: reason and action. Apart from Habermas, we are not very concerned about the importance of the notion of reason3, nor about action. In our opinion, the more important thing is that reality (and its Habermas’ understanding included) is in principle