Comparative evaluation of bone densities in edentulous and dentulous areas by fractal analysis on panoramic radiographs - A retrospective study

Aim: Aim of the study was to evaluate the difference in bone trabecular pattern in terms of fractal dimensions (FD), in edentulous and dentulous areas on contralateral sides of the same patient’s radiograph. Methodology: A retrospective study using box counting method of fractal analysis was performed on pre-processed 97 digital orthopantomographs (OPGs), after subjecting to inclusion and exclusion criteria with the fractal three software. Results: The mean FD of dentulous and edentulous regions was 1.812 ± 0.085 and 1.728±0.105 (P < 0.005), respectively, calculated by paired sample tests. Higher age group (Group 3) had lower FD values than other two groups (P > 0.01). Female sex had lower FD values than males (P > 0.01). Conclusion: The tooth loss (edentulous state) is associated with low FD, compared to tooth bearing areas. The method can be used to as a quick tool, to evaluate and compare the bone quality when prosthetic treatments are to be planned.