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Molecular taxonomic studies have been performed in the past in order to identify different wheat species and construct a molecular phylogeny. These were based on universal but sufficiently divergent sequences from both the nuclear and chloroplastic genomes of wheat. They included two short plastid sequences from the plastid genes rbcL and matK which have been proposed as the core “barcode” sequences by the “barcoding” guidelines for general plant identification. Historically, in molecular plant taxonomy, plastidic sequences had been favored over nuclear sequences, due to their uniparental inheritance and consequently lower intra-molecular recombination. However recently, the short nuclear sequence from the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) has been used successfully for the accurate identification of many medicinal and other plant species. Herein, we have used the plastidic matK, rbcL trnL, and the nuclear ITS2 region for the identification of different wheat species of Triticum L. and goatgrass species of Aegilops L. We have successfully discriminated all species that were examined from both genera, thus, validating the ITS2 region as a ‘barcode tool’ for accurate distinction of plants in the genus Triticum L. and Aegilops L. The success rate of PCR amplification and sequencing of the ITS2 region was 100%. We report also that matK, rbcL and trnL regions could not discriminate all species in contrast to the ITS2 region which demonstrated full discriminatory capacity

Application of the ITS2 region for barcoding plants of the genus Triticum L. and Aegilops L.