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Babesia vesperuginis  is the only piroplasm known to infect bats. Unlike most members of the genus  Babesia , it is probably transmitted by a soft tick species (i.e.  Argas vespertilionis ). Recently, two studies have been conducted to clarify the phylogenetic status of this species, and both agreed on placing it into a basal position among  Babesia  sensu stricto (s.s.). However, several important groups of piroplasms were not included in the already reported phylogenetic trees of  B. vesperuginis  isolates. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to amplify an approx. 950-bp fragment of the cytochrome  c  oxidase subunit 1 ( cox1 ) gene of  B. vesperuginis  from  A. vespertilionis  specimens, and to compare its sequences with those from other piroplasmid groups in a broader phylogenetic context. Sequence comparisons focusing on either 18S rRNA or  cox1  genes, as well as phylogenetic analyses involving separate and concatenated 18S rRNA and  cox1  sequences indicate that  B. vesperuginis  is more closely related to the phylogenetic group of Theileriidae than to  Babesia  s.s. In particular,  B. vesperuginis  clustered closest to  Cytauxzoon felis  and the ‘prototheilerid’  B. conradae . The results of this study highlight that  B. vesperuginis  is a unique and taxonomically important species, which should be included in future studies aimed at resolving the comprehensive phylogeny of Piroplasmida.

acta veterinaria hungarica

Analyses of separate and concatenated cox1 and 18S rRNA gene sequences indicate that the bat piroplasm Babesia vesperuginis is phylogenetically close to Cytauxzoon felis and the ‘prototheilerid’ Babesia conradae