Globalization and Land-Use Prospects for Agrarian Enterprises

Using theoretic and applicative scientific studies on environmental economy and territorial planning of land-use the research of globalization and its negative aftermath was conducted. The paper introduces a classification globalization's effects and suggests its wider analysis. In addition to that, possible consequences of global issues' development are drawn and their impact on land-use system is suggested. The study results in outlining the system of defensive and preventive measures aimed to reduce the impact of globalization processes on land-use system. Introduction Globalization and its impact on development of social relations is an unceasing process aimed at adaptation of individuals, social groups, territorial communities, organizations, countries and unions to the changes of environment that are being caused by the internal alterations of the mentioned parties. This process is leaves no subjects behind exposing them to both positive and negative influence which forms future horizons. The international experience of agricultural development shows that in terms of globalization national agroproducers should increase the efficiency of resource usage at least twice or thrice, whereas the level of economic security should be increased up to 5-8 times. Despite the significant technological renovation of production sphere, the efficiency and productivity level of the majority of Ukrainian agroproducers remains three to five times lower comparing to the similar business entities of economically developed countries. The impact of globalization on land-use was examined by Bukreev (2010), Berdyanskyh (2010), Vysotsky (2011), Stroyko, Irtysheva (2014), Melnik (2010), Lambin, Meyroidt. While Stroyko, Irtysheva and Melnik research the impact of globalization on national system of land-use, Lambin and Meyroidt outline the worldwide strategies of progressive land-use. This study is aimed at discussion of land-use prospects considered as one of the key problems of globalization as well as suggesting the possible solutions. Method Theoretical basis of the research is the general philosophic notion of concepts and objective laws of social development, theoretic and applicative scientific studies on environmental economy and territorial planning of land-use. The definition of the subject under examination, as well as drawing the conclusions and suggesting solutions were made with the help of abstract-logical method, deduction was applied in order to specify the factors that caused the decrease of agroland-use efficiency; the assumptions regarding the future of land-use were made using the imitative modeling methods such as system dynamics, multigenic modeling and dynamic programming along with methods of spatial economics including geoinformation technology. Results The main problems of nowadays stage of human social development, the consequence of which is the development of the crisis of the regular phase of the 14-year economic cycle can be roughly divided into the number of central groups: demographic, natural and climatic, resource, informational and geopolitical. Although the presented classification is somewhat suppositive, it performs its task reflecting the sources of problems. Each group is autonomous, but to some extent it can embody elements of consequences of the demographic problem. ISSN 2219-746X EISSN 2219-7478 206 ADVANCEDSCIENCE.ORG We suggest that each of the presented issues should be examined in a detailed way to investigate in more taking into account modern trends in land use as a basic system of agricultural sector. The majority of modern demographic issues that were mentioned above are caused by the reduction of population growth period. As reported by analysts of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the IMF, the World Bank, the U.S. National Intelligence Council this phenomenon is likely to find its reflection in the following processes: 1. Growth of the world population (up to 8 billion people by 2025) may lead to overpopulation of the continental areas of the planet and causing migration run-up that is likely to promote intercultural tension in multiethnic countries. 2. Hike of below the poverty line population share (up to 63%) will cause the decrease of quality of life as well as the human value system degradation. 3. Increase of urban population (up to 57%), the dynamics of which do not correspond to the stages of the national economies' development of the countries on the way to informational society. 4. Expansion of food products consumption (up to 50% in comparison to the level of 2010) and simultaneous deterioration of the quality of food products reducing the overall quality of food (broad, irrational use of chemical preservative products). Presented assumptions might the following effects on land-use system: 1. Declining share of agricultural land due to loss of its productive capacity as well as its transmission for industrial and infrastructure use. 2. Escalation of food load on agricultural land. 3. Intensifying of environmental pressure on agricultural land as a result super-rational and intensive land use. In terms of current conditions a promising way to develop land-use is establishment of regulatory activity aimed at control of land-use and determination of liabilities of national economic entities for agricultural usage. Environmental issues are mainly caused by unfavorable global climate change as a result of cosmic, geographic shifts as well as aftereffect of human activity. According to the UN only in 2010 natural disasters cost global economy over 109 billion USD. Correspondingly, the consequence of the outlined problems in the agricultural land use can bee seen in: 1. Reduction of the land areas suitable for intensive farming due to the growing impact of natural restricting factors (table 1). 2. Necessity of significant transformation in technological system of agriculture applying adaptive approaches. 3. Significant fluctuations in food prices due to more frequent occasions of unfavorable weather for farming. 4. Probability of mass migration due to the more frequent adverse natural phenomena caused by human influence (deforestation, dam construction, etc.) and absence of compensatory mechanisms. As some radical measures should be taken in order to adapt to changes of climatic conditions, we suggest to restrict and define of economic entities' liability actions of which harm the environment and/or cause unfavorable natural phenomena such as droughts, floods, etc. The rout of resource problems is in reduction of non-renewable resources, mismanagement of renewable resources under increasing in geometric progression demand for them, as well as neglecting significant opportunities the waste utilization. Subsequently, resource issues lead to industrial usage of lands that are characterized with high agricultural productivity, thereby reducing the share of agricultural land, followed by deficiency of initiative oriented at maintaining productive quality of land that reflects in loss in the economic value of land as well as vast pollution of urban areas and rational usage and mismanagement of natural resources that can be used to provide food security for certain areas. Encouraging development of more rational environmental management and prioritizing not only preservation of assets but also the way of restoration and reasonable usage should be considered as a key element of adequate resource management policy. THE ADVANCED SCIENCE JOURNAL 2014年,为中国特刊 207 Table 1 Natural factors that restrict usage of land in agricultural purposes Restricting natural factors Area, mln. ha Share in total land area, %