The Problem of National-Cultural Specifics of Phraseological Units in Non-Related Languages

The article is devoted to the analysis of national and cultural specifics of English, Russian and Uzbek phraseological units which are met in the literary texts. The primary emphasis rests on the consideration of the concepts "linguistic picture of the world ", "national linguistic picture of the world" and the problem of interrelation of language and culture. Translation peculiarities from English into Russian and Uzbek languages are also analyzed. This research may help other translators cope with arising problems of equivalence in the target language and encourage them to look more closely at translation strategies suggested for translation of phraseological units. Keywords: linguistic picture of the world, national linguistic picture of the world, language, culture, phraseological units, national-cultural specifics of English, Russian and Uzbek phraseological units, equivalence of phraseological units, translation strategies of phraseological units. Among multiple problems that modern linguistics studies, studying national - cultural specifics of languages plays an important role. The language is the major way of formation and existence of man's knowledge about the world. Firstly, it is the basis for the development of linguistic picture of the world, one of the deepest layers of the picture of the world. Secondly, language expresses and explicates other pictures of the human world which enter into the language via special lexicon, introducing the features of a person and his culture (Serebrennikov, 1988, p. 11).As for the concept "linguistic picture of the world", in modern linguistics it is defined by several Russian linguists such as Pimenova, O.A. Kornilov, Z.D. Popova and I.A.Sternin in different ways.According to M.V. Pimenova, it is "body of knowledge about the world which is reflected in language, and also ways of receiving and interpretation of new knowledge" (Pimenova, 2004, p. 5).O.A. Kornilov considers that it is "fixation and storage of all complex of knowledge of current language community about the world" (Kornilov, 2003, p. 4). The most complete definition of researching the concept is given by Russian linguists Z.D. Popova and I.A. Sternin, who consider that "linguistic picture of the world is set of people's representations about reality fixated in units of language at a certain stage of development of the people, imagination about the reality reflected in values of linguistic signs - linguistic partitioning of the world, linguistic collating of subjects and the phenomena…" (Popova and Sternin, 2007, p. 54). So studying various definitions of "linguistic picture of the world", we arrived at a conclusion that "linguistic picture of the world" is a verbal expression of objective reality of a certain language community. "Linguistic picture of the world" is embodied in all national languages, and receives designation "a national linguistic picture of the world". In turn, "a national linguistic picture of the world" is "national and specific vision of all things in existence which is fixated in lexicon of the corresponding language, where the word "vision" expresses following concepts: logical conception, sensation and estimation, and concept "all things in existence" means not only a real material world, but also all introduced things in it by human mind" (Kornilov, 2003, p. 140).It should be noted that the questions concerning the problem of "national linguistic picture of the world" were made in scientific works of great linguist W. von Humboldt and the formers of theory of linguistic relativity E. Sapir and B. Whorf. According to W. Humboldt's doctrine, "various languages are various world visions. Any language, designating separate subjects, forms a picture of the world for the people speaking in it" (L.E.S). The base of a hypothesis of Sapir - Whorf makes belief that human beings are very much at the mercy of the particular language which determines nature of thinking of the person, his behavior and a way of cognition