Systemic immunity of chickens with respiratory mycoplasmosis at poultry farms with various production

Experimental studies were conducted on the basis of the Research Center for Biosafety and Environmental Control of Resources of the Agroindustrial Complex of the Dnipro SAEU, poultry farms of different directions of productivity of Donetsk-Prydniprovsky region of Ukraine in the period from 2016 to 2019. The purpose of the work is to determine the nature of pathomorphological changes and the status of systemic immunity in chickens with respiratory mycoplasmosis at poultry farms with various production. To determine the immunodeficiency and immunopathological conditions of a productive poultry with respiratory mycoplasmosis, a comprehensive immunological study was performed. Significant fluctuations in the absolute and relative values of leukograms and immunograms have been established, indicating a significant immunological alteration in chickens with respiratory mycoplasmosis. The most significant changes in the status of systemic immunity are found in chickens with respiratory mycoplasmosis at poultry farms with meat production, which are subject to more longer and more intense influence of human activity. Key words: Respiratory mycoplasmosis; Productive poultry; Immunity; Factors of human activity; Immunopathology References Abbas, N., Suleman, M., Muhammad, N., Ahmad, K.N., Ali, I., Rauf, M., u0026 Rahman, S. (2018). Prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in poultry and wild life birds suspected of chronic respiratory disease in northern Pakistan. Journal Zoology, 50(3), 1071–1077. doi: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.3.1071.1077. Abbas, N., Suleman, M., Muhammad, N., Rahman, S., Ahmad, K.N., Tariq, N.A., Khalid, A., u0026 Faheem, J. (2018). Seropositivity, involvement in suspected cases of chronic respiratory diseases and comparative efficacy of various sero-diagnostic tests of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Journal of applied environmental and biological sciences, 8(3), 137–141. Ahmad, A., Rabbani, M., Yaqoob, T., Ahmad, A., Shabbir, M.Z., u0026 Akhtar, F. (2008). Status of IgG antibodies against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in nonvaccinated commercial poultry breeder flocks. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 18(2-3), 61–63. Aleksyeyeva, N.V. (2009). Rozrobka ta udoskonalennya zasobiv specyfichnoyi diagnostyky tuberkulozu ptyci [dysertatsiia]. Odesa: Odes. derzh. agr. un-t (in Ukrainian). Babaeva, A.G. (2009). Regeneracija: fakty i perspektivy [monografija]. Moskva: RAMN (in Russian). Bolotnikov, I.A., u0026 Konopatov, Yu.V. (1993). Prakticheskaya immunologiya selu0027skokhozyaistvennoi ptitsi - Practical immunology of poultry. Sankt-Peterburg: Nauka (in Russian). Borkhsenius, S.N., Chernova, O.A., Chernov, V.M., u0026 Vonskii, M.S. (2002). Mikoplazmy: molekulyarnaya i kletochnaya biologiya, vzaimodeistvie i s immunnoi sistemoi mlekopitayushchikh, patogennostu0027, diagnostika - Mycoplasmas: molecular and cellular biology, interaction with the mammalian immune system, pathogenicity, diagnostics: textbook. allowance: ucheb. posobie. Sankt-Peterburg: Nauka (in Russian). Boyum, A. (1976). Isolation of lymphocytes, granulocytes and macrophages. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 5, 9–15. Dzhupina, S.I. (2002). Epizooticheskii protsess i ego kontrolu0027 pri faktornykh infektsionnykh boleznyakh - Epizootic process and its control in factor infectious diseases. M.: OOO M i K (in Russian). Gavrylin, P.M., Nedzveczkyj, V.S., Prokushenkova, O.G., u0026 Masyuk, D.M. (2011). Metodychni osoblyvosti zastosuvannya imunogistoximichnoyi diagnostyky cyrkovirusnoyi infekciyi. Naukovi praci Poltavskoyi derzhavnoyi agrarnoyi akademiyi. Seriya "Vetery`narna medycyna", 2, 8–18 (in Ukrainian). Georgiades, G.K. (2002). Detection of antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae in day-old broiler chicks and broiles. Journal of the Hellenic veterinary medical society, 53(1), 33–38. doi: 10.12681/jhvms.15357. Horalskyi, L.P., Khomych, V.T., u0026 Kononskyi, O.I. (2013). Osnovy histolohichnoi tekhniky i morfofunktsionalni metody doslidzhen u normi ta pry patolohii - Fundamentals of histological technology and morphological and functional methods in patients with normal pathology Fundamentals of histological technology and morphological and functional methods in patients with normal pathology. [za red. Horalskoho LP.]: navch. posib. Zhytomyr: Polissia (in Ukrainian). Islam, A., Aslam, A., Chaudhry, Z.I., Ahmed, M.U., Rehman, H.U., Saeed, K., u0026 Ahmad, I. (2011). Pathology of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in naturally infected broilers and its diagnosis through PCR. International journal of agriculture u0026 biology, 13(4), 835–837. Jondal, M., Okret, S., u0026 McConkey, D. (1993). Killing of immature CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes in vivo by anti-CD3 or 5E¹-(N-ethyl)-carboxamide adenosine is blocked by glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-486. European Journal of Immunology, 23, 1246–1250. Karaulov, A.V. (2002). Klinicheskaya immunologiya i allergologiya: ucheb. posobie – Clinical Immunology and Allergology. M.: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agenstvo (in Russian). Khariv, M., Gutyj, B., Ohorodnyk, N., Vishchur, O., Khariv, I., Solovodzinska, I., Mudrak, D., Grymak, C., Bodnar, P. (2017). Activity of the T- and B-system of the cell immunity of animals under conditions of oxidation stress and effects of the liposomal drug. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 7(4), 536–541. Khatoon, H., Afzal, F., Tahir, M.F., Hussain, M., u0026 Khan, S.U. (2018). Prevalence of Mycoplasmosis and antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in commercial chicken flocks of Rawalpindi division, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 38(4), 446–448. doi: 10.29261/pakvetj/2018.081. Kisera, Ya.V., Storchak, Yu.G., Gutyj, B.V., Bozhyk, L.Ya., Magrelo, N., Sus, Y., Dashkovskyy, O., Pryimych, V.I., Vus, U., Kit, L., u0026 Sachuk, R. (2019). Structural and functional features of the vermiform appendix at the tissue and cellular levels in rabbits after the introduction of immunobiological drugs. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 9(2), 217-226. Kysera, Ya.V., Storchak, Yu.G., u0026 Gutyj, B.V. (2018). Experimental study of immunoprophylactic anti-pneumococcal medicine and its immunogenic properties. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8(1), 307–316 Majumder, S., u0026 Silbart, L.K. (2016). Interaction of Mycoplasma gallisepticum with chicken tracheal epithelial cells contributes to macrophage chemotaxis and activation. Infection and Immunity, 84(1), 266–274. Majumder, S., Zappulla, F., u0026 Silbart, L.K. (2014). Mycoplasma gallisepticum lipid associated membrane proteins up-regulate inflammatory genes in chicken tracheal epithelial cells via TLR-2 ligation through an NF-κB Dependent Pathway. PLoS ONE, 9(11), e112796. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112796. Mathis, R., u0026 Ackermann, M. (2016). Response of single bacterial cells to stress gives rise to complex history dependence at the population level. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(15), 4224–4229. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1511509113. Mendes, N.F., Tolnai, M.E., Silveira, N.P., Gilbertsen, R.B., u0026 Metzgar, R.S. (1973). Technical aspects of the rosette tests used to detect human complement receptor (B) and sheep erythrocyte-binding (T) lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology, 111(3), 860–867. Much, P., Winner, F., Stipkovits, L., Rosengarten, R., Citti, C., Much, P., Winner, F., u0026 Citti, C. (2002). Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Influence of cell invasiveness on the outcome of experimental infection in chickens. FEMS immunology and medical microbiology, 34(3), 181–186. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00622.x. Muhammad, F., Alam, J., Hussain, J., Khurram, F.S., Zafar, U., Ahmed, K.S., u0026 Ahmad, A. (2018). Development of Elisa and its comparison with other diagnostic tests for avian mycoplasmosis. Int. Journal Biology and biotechnology, 15(1), 39–45. Novikov, D.K., u0026 Novikov, P.D. (2006). Klinicheskaya immunologiya: ucheb. Posobie – Clinical immunology. Vitebsk: VHMU (in Russian). Prokushenkova, O.G. (2014). Gistologichna ta imunologichna diagnostyka xvoroby Mareka ptyci. Naukovo-texnichnyj byuleten NÐµntru NDC biobezpeky ta ekologichnogo kontrolyu resursiv APK, 2, 129–136. (in Ukrainian). Ron, M., Gorelick-Ashkenazi, A., Levisohn, S., Nir-Paz, R., Geary, S.J., Tulman, E., Lysnyansky, I.,u0026 Yogev, D. (2015). Mycoplasma gallisepticum in vivo induced antigens expressed during infection in chickens. Veterinary Microbiology, 175(2-4), 265–274. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.12.007. Rosengarten, R., Citti, C., Glew, M., Lischewski, A., Droesse, M., Much, P., Winner, F., Brank, M., u0026 Spergser, J. (2000). Host-pathogen interactions in mycoplasma pathogenesis: virulence and survival strategies of minimalist prokaryotes. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 290(1), 15–25. doi: 10.1016/S1438-4221(00)80099-5. Rottem, S. (2003). Interaction of mycoplasmas with host cells. Physiological Reviews, 83(2), 417–432. doi: 10.1152 / physrev.00030.2002. Rudenko, O.P., Paranjak, R.P., Kovalchuk, N.A., Kit, L.P., Hradovych, N.I., Gutyj, B.V., Kalyn, B.M., Sukhorska, O.P., Butsiak, A.A., Kropyvka, S.I., Petruniv, V.V., u0026 Kovalska, L.M. (2019). Influence of seasonal factors on carp fish immune reactivity. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019, 9(3), 168-173. Shanmugasundaram, U., Tippichettypalayam, R.G., Krishna, M., Vasudevan, G., u0026 Kandasamy, S. (2018). Detection of seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in broiler chicken in Tamil Nadu by ELISA. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6(3), 613-614. Thilagavathi, K., Sivaseelan, S., Balasubramaniam, G.A., u0026 Balasubramaniam, A. (2016). Pathology of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in naturally infected layer birds. Indian. Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 40(4), 337–340. doi: 10.5958/0973-970X.2016.00077.8.