THE CURRENT APPROACHES TO ZIKA VIRUS VACCINATION

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-born virus, member of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae [1]. ZIKV was first isolated in 1947 from serum of a Rhesus monkey from Zika Forest, Uganda [1]. ZIKV in human was first confirmed in 1952 in Nigeria. Until 2007, 14 human ZIKV cases were reported [2]. Unreported cases are possible due to high cross-reactivity between other flaviviruses [3]. First ZIKV outbreak was seen in 2007, more than 70% of Yap Island (Micronesia, Pasific Islands) residents were affected [4]. After virus spread to other Pasific Islands, another outbreak was reported in Brazil in 2015. As of June 2016, continuing mosquito-borne transmission was reported in 60 countries and territories [5]. ZIKV infected people can show symptoms including mild fever, conjunctivitis, skin rash, muscle and joint pain and headache up to 7 days [2]. ZIKV has been associated with microcephaly [6] and neurologic conditions in adults such as Guillain–Barre syndrome by the dramatically increasing number of cases [7]. Zika virus ZIKV is an artropod-born virus, member of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae [1]. It is a positive sense singlestranded RNA molecule, approximately 10 thousand bases long [8]. The order of proteins encoded in the ORF (Parapoxvirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Poxviridae, in the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae; Orf is an exanthemous disease caused by a parapox virus and occurring primarily in sheep and goats. It is also known as contagious pustular dermatitis, infectious labial dermatitis, ecthyma contagiosum, thistle disease and scabby mouth. Orf virus is zoonotic — it can also infect humans) is 5-C-prM-E-NS1-NS2ANS2B-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5-3 and translated into a polyprotein that is cleaved into capsid (C), precursor membrane (prM), envelope (E) and 7 non-structural proteins (NS) [9].