USE OF THE NANODIAMONDS IN BIOMEDICINE

The quick development of nanotechnology was related with synthesis and usage of wide range of nanomaterials. Among them there are main crystalline allotropic forms of carbon such as fullerenes, nanotubes, graphenes, carbin, nanodiamonds (ND), they represent the important source for biomedical applications [1–7]. Over the last decades, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their unique structure and remarkable electronic and mechanical properties. These materials have shown promising applications in electronics, energy conversion and storage, and biomedicine etc. [8, 9]. Fullerenes and carbon nanotubes are used for the development and synthesis of new nanostructural materials with corresponding biological properties [4–6, 9–13]. Creation of the materials possessing high biocompatibility, low toxicity and high specificity accumulates the achievements of nanobiotechnology and uses knowledge of Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Medicine and materials. The practical tasks are aimed at study of functional properties of nanomaterials and the development of new methods. Many problems of the modern nanomedicine have been studied by Ukrainian scientists [3–6, 12–14]. Some synthetic and natural nanoparticle carriers were developed to create fluorescent images of biological objects and to provide drug transport [12, 15]. These complexes consist of polymer carbon nanotubes [12], peptide conjugates, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, polyelectrolyte, gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots etc. [15]. Recently, the progress was achieved to use CNMs in biotechnology. For example, it concerns the solubility and biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes. For this purpose carbon nanotubes with different biologically active compounds were modified. Prototypes of biosensors were projected and developed [16]. In case of CNM the fullerenes and carbon nanotubes were used [9, 17–30]. Nanotubes, fullerenes and graphene have rather essential toxicity to cancer cells [31], that was the reason of their using as antitumor drugs [3, 5, 11–13, 22, 24, 27]. However, their implement is limited to technological peculiarities, i.e., it is necessary to perform additional treatment REVIEWS