Effectiveness of Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.) Seed Extracts on Fungi and Bacteria Management

Grape ( Vitis vinifera  L.) seeds from 3 grape varieties were powdered and the fatty material was extracted. These extracts were tested for grape storage restriction fungi  Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata ,  Aspregillus niger  and Penicillium expansum  and antibacteria activity for Gram-negative  Escherichia coli ,  Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,  Klebsiella pneumonia , and Gram-positive  Enterococcus faecalis ,  Streptococcus pneumonia  and  Staphylococcus aureus by pour plate method. The grape seed extracts (GSE) were tested against peri-implantitis microflora. Suspension of microorganisms was made in sterile normal saline and adjusted to 0.5 Macfarland standard (10 8  Cfu mL -1 ). From the stock of 65536 mg mL -1  GSEs, serial dilutions were made up to 4 mg mL -1 . It was found that, no effective restriction and/or inhibition for tested fungi and Gram-negative  Escherichia coli 35218,  Klebsiella pneumonia  700603,  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  27853, and Gram-positive  Enterococcus feacalis 51299 bacteria while Gram-positive  Staphylococus aureu  44300 was inhibited at 32768 μg mL -1 GSE of ‘Muskule’ variety and GSE 65536 μg mL -1 GSE of ‘Okuzgozu’ and  Streptococcus pneumonia  49619 bacteria were inhibited at 2048 μg mL -1 4096 μg mL -1 and 32768 μg mL -1 concentration of ‘Kara Dimrit’, ‘Okuzgozu’ and ‘Muskule’ GSEs. The results of the study showed that GSEs has potential antimicrobial effects which can be further studied.