Open AccessGraves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in monozygotic twins: case study as well as transcriptomic and immunohistological analysis of thyroid tissues
Author(s) -
Gabriela Aust,
Kai Krohn,
Nils G. Morgenthaler,
S. Schröder,
Andrejs Schütz,
Jennifer Edelmann,
Elke Brylla
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
european journal of endocrinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.897
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1479-683X
pISSN - 0804-4643
DOI - 10.1530/eje.1.02063
Subject(s) - thyroiditis , hashimoto disease , medicine , endocrinology , thyroid , graves' disease , hashimoto's disease , thyroid disease , disease
Objective : To report on the rare simultaneous occurrence of Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) in monozygotic twins. Design : We compared the pattern of thyroid tissue-derived cDNAs to gain insight into previous and ongoing immune destruction and reconstruction processes using microarrays. The results were confirmed by immunohistology and real-time PCR. Results : Destruction of thyroid tissue in HT reduced levels of thyrocyte-related cDNAs and cDNAs encoding extracellular matrix components, but increased levels of proteases involved in extracellular matrix degradation compared with GD. Lymphocytic infiltrates forming ectopic follicles replaced the thyroid tissue almost completely in HT. Thus, lymphocyte-related cDNA levels were higher in HT than in GD. The same was true for many chemokines and their receptors, which not only enable migration towards the thyroid but also maintain the lymphocytic infiltrate. HT also showed increased levels of cDNAs encoding molecules related to apoptosis than did GD. Surprisingly, the Th1- and Th2-specific cytokine profiles suggested for HT and GD respectively could not be confirmed. cDNAs encoding factors and receptors involved in angiogenesis were increased in GD compared with HT. Conclusions : Comparison of gene expression reflects the cellular differences between the two types of autoimmune thyroid disease in twins with identical genetic and similar environmental background.