The potential role of malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and interleukin-18 in the development of essential hypertension

* Ministry of Heath, Erbil, Iraq. ** Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. Introduction Oxidative Stress (OS) is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates, reduction of the blood pressure (BP) to the normotensive state in hypertensive subjects led to a definite reduction in the free radicals (FRs) generation and that this could help in preventing the long term complications of hypertension which was mediated by the FRs. The evidence suggests that inflammation can lead to the development of hypertension and that OS and endothelial dysfunction are involved in the inflammatory cascade. There was a strong association of OS with high BP, and there was a positive correlation between a marker of OS and systolic and diastolic BP.Therefore it is well known that OS is increased during hypertension Evidence has indicated that the OS byproduct malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in patients with EHT. Several studies have involved hypertensive patients and demonstrated that MDA could be a biomarker of OS. MDA is released from the lipoperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane. The exposure to ROS increases the production of antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione Background and objectives: The oxidative stress and inflammatory process are cooperative events involved in the development of essential hypertension. This study was as a step for elucidating the contribution of the malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, interleukin -18 and lipid profile with the development of essential hypertension. This study aimed to assess whether the variation in serum malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, interleukin-18 and lipid profile levels were associated with the development of essential hypertension, moreover, find out the effect of age, gender and stage on the serum focused parameters levels and finally detect the correlation coefficient. Methods: This case-control study was performed at the College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University in newly diagnosed and untreated patients with essential hypertension of both genders, and 50 of the matched age–gender healthy adults as a control group in the period between 2013-2014. Results: Patients exhibited a significant elevation in the serum malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, interleukin-18 and lipid profile levels. Conclusion: This investigation provided for the first evidence the ability of selected parameters in combination patterns as factors involved in essential hypertension pathophysiology and are regarded as markers of diagnostic significance. The demonstration of these parameters provided new insights into understanding the independence of antioxidant status and inflammatory pathways in essential hypertension development.