Kanola Yağının Diesel Motorunun Performansına ve Emisyon Karakteristiklerine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi*

Bu arastirmanin amaci, yakit olarak kullanilan kanola yaginin tek silindirli bir dizelmotorunun performansina ve emisyon karakteristiklerine etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Buamacla, direkt puskurtmeli, 5,5 kW anma gucunde 4 zamanli bir dizel motorkullanilmistir. Arastirmada calismalar iki ana bolumden olusmustur. Birinci bolumdekanola yagi dizel yakitina hacimsel olarak % 20, 40, 60, 80 oranlarinda karistirilarakseyreltilmis, daha sonra emisyon ve motor denemeleri yapilmistir. Ikinci bolumde ise,yeniden esterleme yontemi (transesterifikasyon) ile kanola yagi metil esteri eldeedilmis, emisyon ve motor denemeleri gerceklestirilmistir. Denemelerde devir sayilarinabagli olarak, donme momenti, emisyon degerleri ve yakit tuketim degerleri olculmustur.Saatlik ve ozgul yakit tuketimleri, guc degerleri hesaplama yoluyla elde edilmistir.Kanola yagi kullanimi ile motor momenti ve gucunde dizel yakitina kiyasla az da olsadususlerin meydana geldigi, yag asidi metil esteri kullanimi ile moment ve gucun hamkanola yaglarina oranla daha yuksek oldugu ve dizel yakitina daha yakin oldugubelirlenmistir. Yeniden esterleme yonteminin kanola yagina uygulanmasi sonucubitkisel yaglarin viskozitelerinin azaldigi, isil degerlerinde bir miktar artis oldugu veozgul agirliklarinin azaldigi belirlenmistir. Bu ozellikleri ile kanola yagi metil esteridizel yakitina daha yakin ozellikler gostermistir. Kanola yagi ile yapilan testlerdeduman koyulugunun dizel yakitina oranla daha yuksek oldugu, fakat yag asidi metilesterinin kullanimi ile duman yogunlugunun seyreltme yontemi ile elde edilen yakitlaraoranla daha dusuk oldugu belirlenmistir. Karisimli ve metil ester yakitlarin CO2 ve COdegerlerinin dizel yakitindan daha dusuk ciktigi, karisimlarin icerisine katilan yagoranina bagli olarak egzoz gazi icerisinde bulunan O2 miktarinin fazla olmamaklaberaber bir miktar arttigi gozlenmistir. Sonuc olarak kanola yagi metil esterinin dizelyakitina daha yakin degerlere sahip oldugu gorulmustur.AbstractThe aim of this research is to determine the effects of a diesel engine performance andemission characteristics of canola oil in one cylinder diesel engine. For this purpose, adiesel engine of a rated power 5,5 kW, having direct injection and 4 stroke cycle, wereused. Studies are based on two main parts in this researh. In the first part, canola oil isblended to diesel fuel % 20, 40, 60 , 80 % by volume than emission and engine testswere done. In the second part, canola oil methyl ester is produced by transesterificationmethod and used in emission and engine test. During the tests, torque, emission valuesand fuel consumption were measured with respect to the engine speed. Theconsumption of fuel specific and hourly are determined by calculation method.Compared with diesel fuel the values of engine moment and power increased a little bitwhen canola oil methyl ester was used. The values of engine moment and power werehigher that canola oil, the viscosity and density values of oil are decrased while flamevalues increased and canola oil shows similar properties with diesel fuel. Tests withcanola oil showed that the colour of smoke was dark. However, smoke density getssmaller values when oil acid methyl ester was used instead of smoke blended fuel. Itwas observed that CO2 and CO values of fuels with methyl ester is lower that dieselfuel.Due to the amount of oil in mixture there is a little increase on O2 amount in the exhaustgas. As a result, canola oil methyl esters have very close performance values of dieselfuels.