COĞRAFİ ORTAM VE KENT FİZYOLOJİSİ İLİŞKİLERİ: XIX. YÜZYIL KİLİS ŞEHRİ ÖRNEĞİ

OZET Sanayi toplumu oncesi ve sonrasi donemleri yansitan sehirlerde, iki farkli kentsel fizyoloji kolaylikla anlasilabilir. Şehir plani, cadde-sokak sistemi, kent formu sanayi devriminden oldukca farkli bir relief sunar. Kilis sehri; kurulus yeri, tarihi surecler, sehir ici arazi kullanimi, etnik yapisi ve kulturel farkliliklarin tarihi donemdeki izlerinin kolaylikla gozlemlenebildigi bir sehirdir. Kilis sehri olusum surecinde cografi konumunun avantajlari neticesinde XIX. Yuzyilda kentsel merkez haline gelmistir. Sonraki asamada ise XIX. yuzyilda kentsel dokuyu, kentte yasayanlarin yerlesim tecrubesi ile sekillendirdigi farkli bir sehir mekani ve kentsel mimari dizayn edilmistir.  Şehirici arazi kullanimi dogal ve beseri ortamin etkilesimi ile islevsel bir hale gelmistir. Calismada XIX. yuzyil kent sisteminin ortaya konulabilmesi icin sokak ve cadde sistemleri, kamusal mekanlar, kent dokusu ve bicimi ele alinarak, sosyal ve iktisadi yasama yansimalari analiz edilmeye calisilmistir. Bu yolla sanayi oncesi kentsel mekanin bicimlenmesinde, karakterinde pay sahibi ogeler one cikarilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Cografya, Tarihi Cografya, Kilis, Gaziantep, Kent Şehirici Arazi Kullanimi, XIX. Yuzyil. ABSTRACT Reflecting periods of pre-and post-industrial society in cities can easily be understood in two different urban physiology. City plan, street-street system, urban form is quite different from the industrial revolution offers a relief. City of Kilis, place of incorporation, registration processes, urban land use, historical period, traces of ethnic and cultural differences can easily be observed in the structure of the city. The advantages of the process of formation as a result of the geographical location of the city of Kilis 19th Century has become the urban center. In the next phase the 19th century urban fabric, shaped by the inhabitants of this city with the experience of settlement and urban architecture has been designed in a different city attractions. Urban land use has become a functional interaction of the natural and human environment. In this study the 19th century, the city street and road systems in order to specify system, public spaces, urban structure and format by examining the reflections of the social and economic life were analysed. In this way, the pre-industrial urban space in shaping the character of shareholders is highlighted items. Keywords: Geography, Historical Geography, Kilis, Gaziantep, Kent Urban Land Use, 19th Century.