Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Mitochondrial Disease in the United States: A Propensity Score Analysis

Mitochondrial disease comprises a wide range of genetic disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Its rarity, however, has limited the ability to assess its effects on clinical outcomes. To evaluate this relationship, we collected data from the 2016 National Inpatient Sample, which includes data from >7 million hospital stays. We identified 705 patients (mean age, 22 ± 20.7 yr; 54.2% female; 67.4% white) whose records included the ICD-10-CM code E88.4. We also identified a propensity-matched cohort of 705 patients without mitochondrial disease to examine the effect of mitochondrial disease on major adverse cardiovascular events, including all-cause in-hospital death, cardiac arrest, and acute congestive heart failure. Patients with mitochondrial disease were at significantly greater risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio [OR]=2.42; 95% CI, 1.29–4.57; P=0.005), systolic heart failure (OR=2.37; 95% CI, 1.08–5.22; P=0.027), and all-cause in-hospital death (OR=14.22; 95% CI, 1.87–108.45; P<0.001). These findings suggest that mitochondrial disease significantly increases the risk of inpatient major adverse cardiovascular events.