Identité nationale et post-nationalisme en France et en Allemagne : de la théorie à la pratique

Both in France and Germany, historians and political scientists agree on the fact that national identity has re-emerged, despite theories about a transition through a post-national era. It seems that populations with migration backgrounds have a double role in this tension between nationalism and post-nationalism, as they are not only passive (because of the way they are perceived), but also active, when they express a national identity themselves. In this article, we try to analyse tensions between national and post-national perspectives as they were discussed in research works, and to evaluate which role the sociopolitical context could play in the identity of people with migration backgrounds. We will analyse two cases, France and Germany, in order to better distinguish particularities, and we will focus on a quantitative analysis of identity expression in rap music, which is considered in both countries a “voice of the migrants” (Michael T. Putnam).