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Surrounding factors, both the internal and external, always have a significant impact on a literary work. The most considerable external factor on literary works is the author himself, especially if he/she experiences a physical disorder with psychological implications. Such conditions can certainly give characteristics to the literary work. Al-Ma‘arri, who since his childhood suffered blindness, grew up to be a pessimistic person, always feeling isolated. This sadness led to deep contemplation of life, expressed in the poem "al-Marsiyyah" (Lamentations). This study aims to answer the question of what is the effect of al-Ma‘arri's disability on his thoughts contained in the poem? This study uses the expressive theory of literature that views literature as an expression of the inner world of the author. From this it can be seen that the disability carried by al-Ma‘arri has made him a pessimistic person, influencing his thoughts and views on life. This research found some philosophical ideas of al-Ma‘arri, such as the concepts of life and death, joy and sorrow, and the treatment of the universe.[Karya sastra tidak bisa lepas dari faktor yang melingkupi, baik itu faktor internal maupun eksternal. Faktor eksternal yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap karya sastra adalah faktor pengarang, terlebih bila pengarang mengalami gangguan fisik yang berimplikasi pada psikologisnya. Kondisi seperti ini bisa dipastikan memberikan karakteristik pada karya sastra itu. Al-Ma‘arri yang sejak masa kanak-kanak mengalami kebutaan, tumbuh menjadi pribadi yang pesimistis dan merasa terkucil. Pesimismenya melahirkan perenungan yang dalam terhadap kehidupan dan dituangkan dalam bentuk puisi “al-Marsiyyah” (Ratapan). Penelitian ini bertujuan menjawab pertanyaan: bagaimanakah pengaruh disabilitas al-Ma‘arri terhadap pemikirannya yang tertuang dalam puisi “al-Marsiyyah”? Penelitian ini menggunakan teori ekspresif sastra yang memandang karya sastra sebagai ekspresi batin pengarang. Penelitian ini menemukan beberapa pemikiran filosofis al-Ma‘arri, antara lain konsep tentang hidup dan mati, tentang suka dan duka dan tentang perlakuan terhadap alam semesta dipengaruhi oleh kondisi disabilitasnya.]

Sastra Arab dan Disabilitas: Pendekatan Ekspresif terhadap Puisi “al-Marsiyyah” Karya al-Ma’arri