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In Thailand and various other countries tree seedlings are generally planted using simple manual tools, often a âplanting stickâ, but the method requires time-consuming, labour-intensive teamwork. However, use of a âplanting tubeâ allows a single person to perform both the preparation and planting work. Thus, in a classical time study and ergonomic survey we compared the productivity, cost-effectiveness, and ergonomic impact of planting  spp. seedlings using the two tools at the same planting site in Western Thailand. The planting tube method proved to be more productive, more cost-efficient, and less burdensome than the planting stick method (with time and cost requirements of 21 s and â¬0.0061 per seedling, versus 16.6 s and â¬0.0463 per seedling, respectively). In conclusion, the planting tube method may be a viable alternative to reduce costs and increase productivity, while maintaining reasonable workloads for the workers, despite the higher purchase price of planting tubes.  Eucalyptus

Cost-efficiency and ergonomic study of two methods for planting Eucalyptus spp. seedlings in plantation forestry