Rapid Rule-Out of Acute Myocardial Injury Using a Single High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Measurement

BACKGROUND Rapid rule-out strategies using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays are largely supported by studies performed outside the US in selected cohorts of patients with chest pain that are atypical of US practice, and focused exclusively on ruling out acute myocardial infarction (AMI), rather than acute myocardial injury, which is more common and associated with a poor prognosis. METHODS Prospective, observational study of consecutive patients presenting to emergency departments [derivation (n = 1647) and validation (n = 2198) cohorts], where high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) was measured on clinical indication. The negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic sensitivity of an hs-cTnI concentration <limit of detection (LoD) at presentation was determined for acute myocardial injury and for AMI or cardiac death at 30 days. RESULTS In patients with hs-cTnI concentrations <99th percentile at presentation, acute myocardial injury occurred in 8.3% and 11.0% in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. In the derivation cohort, 27% had hs-cTnI < LoD, with NPV and diagnostic sensitivity for acute myocardial injury of 99.1% (95% CI, 97.7–99.8) and 99.0% (97.5–99.7) and an NPV for AMI or cardiac death at 30 days of 99.6% (98.4–100). In the validation cohort, 22% had hs-cTnI <LoD, with an NPV and diagnostic sensitivity for acute myocardial injury of 98.8% (97.9–99.7) and 99.3% (98.7–99.8) and an NPV for AMI or cardiac death at 30 days of 99.1% (98.2–99.8). CONCLUSIONS A single hs-cTnI concentration <LoD rules out acute myocardial injury, regardless of etiology, with an excellent NPV and diagnostic sensitivity, and identifies patients at minimal risk of AMI or cardiac death at 30 days. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02060760