When the Fight against Fungi Goes Wrong

Fungi are associated with a wide spectrum of diseases in humans, with increasing morbidity and mortality [1]. Therefore, it is of great importance to elucidate the genetic and immunological mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to fungal infections. Recent studies of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs)—a group of hereditary immune disorders with increased susceptibility to infection—have led to significant breakthroughs in our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms that predispose to both invasive and mucocutaneous fungal infections. This knowledge will pave the way for developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies in the near future.