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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) suppress the transcriptional and post-transcriptional expression of genes in plants. Several miRNA families target genes encoding nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) plant innate immune receptors. The fungus  Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp.  lycopersici  causes vascular wilt disease in tomato. We explored a role for miRNAs in tomato defense against  F. oxysporum  using comparative miRNA profiling of susceptible (Moneymaker) and resistant (Motelle) tomato cultivars. slmiR482f and slmiR5300 were repressed during infection of Motelle with  F. oxysporum . Two predicted mRNA targets each of slmiR482f and slmiR5300 exhibited increased expression in Motelle and the ability of these four targets to be regulated by the miRNAs was confirmed by co-expression in  Nicotiana benthamiana . Silencing of the targets in the resistant Motelle cultivar revealed a role in fungal resistance for all four genes. All four targets encode proteins with full or partial nucleotide-binding (NB) domains. One slmiR5300 target corresponds to  tm-2 , a susceptible allele of the  Tomato Mosaic Virus  resistance gene, supporting functions in immunity to a fungal pathogen. The observation that none of the targets correspond to  I-2 , the only known resistance ( R ) gene for  F. oxysporum  in tomato, supports roles for additional  R  genes in the immune response. Taken together, our findings suggest that Moneymaker is highly susceptible because its potential resistance is insufficiently expressed due to the action of miRNAs.

MicroRNAs Suppress NB Domain Genes in Tomato That Confer Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum