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Saccharomyces cerevisiae  Yap1 protein is an AP1-like transcription factor involved in the regulation of the oxidative stress response. An ortholog of Yap1, MoAP1, was recently identified from the rice blast fungus  Magnaporthe oryzae  genome. We found that MoAP1 is highly expressed in conidia and during invasive hyphal growth. The  Moap1  mutant was sensitive to H 2 O 2 , similar to  S. cerevisiae yap1  mutants, and MoAP1 complemented Yap1 function in resistance to H 2 O 2 , albeit partially. The  Moap1  mutant also exhibited various defects in aerial hyphal growth, mycelial branching, conidia formation, the production of extracellular peroxidases and laccases, and melanin pigmentation. Consequently, the  Moap1  mutant was unable to infect the host plant. The MoAP1-eGFP fusion protein is localized inside the nucleus upon exposure to H 2 O 2 , suggesting that MoAP1 also functions as a redox sensor. Moreover, through RNA sequence analysis, many MoAP1-regulated genes were identified, including several novel ones that were also involved in pathogenicity. Disruption of respective  MGG_01662  ( MoAAT ) and  MGG_02531  (encoding hypothetical protein) genes did not result in any detectable changes in conidial germination and appressorium formation but reduced pathogenicity, whereas the mutant strains of  MGG_01230  ( MoSSADH ) and  MGG_15157  ( MoACT ) showed marketed reductions in aerial hyphal growth, mycelial branching, and loss of conidiation as well as pathogenicity, similar to the  Moap1  mutant. Taken together, our studies identify MoAP1 as a positive transcription factor that regulates transcriptions of  MGG_01662 ,  MGG_02531 ,  MGG_01230 , and  MGG_15157  that are important in the growth, development, and pathogenicity of  M. oryzae .

plos pathogens

The bZIP Transcription Factor MoAP1 Mediates the Oxidative Stress Response and Is Critical for Pathogenicity of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae