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Within the  Anopheles gambiae  complex, the sibling species  An .  coluzzii  and  An .  gambiae  are undergoing sympatric speciation. These species are characterized by rare hybrids in most of their geographical distribution. A strong assortative mating mediated by spatial swarm segregation has been shown whereas no intrinsic post-zygotic barriers have been found in laboratory conditions. To test the role of the hybridisation in reproductive isolation in natural populations transplant experiment are therefore needed to establish the significance of post-zygotic barriers. Previous studies indicated that predation is one of the major forces driving ecological divergence between  An .  gambiae  and  An .  coluzzii . Here we extended these studies to their hybrids. Parental species and their F1 hybrids from reciprocal crosses were generated by the forced-mating technique as follows: female  An .  coluzzii  × male  An .  coluzzii ; female  An .  coluzzii  × male  An .  gambiae ; female  An .  gambiae  × male  An .  coluzzii  and female  An .  gambiae  × Male  An .  gambiae . First instar larvae of each group from the crossing (here after  An .  coluzzii , Hybrid COL/GAM, Hybrid GAM/COL and  An .  gambiae , respectively) were transplanted in a field experiment with predation effect. Emergence success, development time of larvae and body size of the newly emerging adults were estimated as fitness components and then compared between parental species and F1 hybrids in absence and in presence of predators. Our findings confirm that  An .  coluzzii  had higher fitness than  An .  gambiae  in presence of predators versus in absence of predators. Moreover, the fitness of the F1 hybrid COL/GAM whose female parent was  An .  coluzzii  matched that of  An .  coluzzii  while that of the F1 reciprocal hybrid GAM/COL was similar to  An .  gambiae .

Assessment of the ecologically dependent post-zygotic isolation between Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae