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Eukaryotic protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) is a PP2A-type protein phosphatase that is part of a conserved complex with regulatory factors PSY2 and PP4R2. Various lines of  Arabidopsis thaliana  with mutated  PP4  subunit genes were constructed to study the so far completely unknown functions of PP4 in plants. Mutants with knocked out putative functional homolog of the  PSY2 LIKE (PSY2L)  gene were dwarf and bushy, while plants with knocked out  PP4R2 LIKE (PP4R2L)  looked very similar to WT. The  psy2l  seedlings had short roots with disorganized morphology and impaired meristem. Seedling growth was sensitive to the genotoxin cisplatin. Global transcript analysis (RNA-seq) of seedlings and rosette leaves revealed several groups of genes, shared between both types of tissues, strongly influenced by knocked out  PSY2L . Receptor kinases,  CRINKLY3  and  WAG1 , important for growth and development, were down-regulated 3–7 times.  EUKARYOTIC ELONGATION FACTOR5A1  was down-regulated 4–6 fold. Analysis of hormone sensitive genes indicated that abscisic acid levels were high, while auxin, cytokinin and gibberellic acid levels were low in  psy2l . Expression of specific transcription factors involved in regulation of anthocyanin synthesis were strongly elevated, e.g. the master regulator  PAP1 , and intriguingly  TT8 , which is otherwise mainly expressed in seeds. The  psy2l  mutants accumulated anthocyanins under conditions where WT did not, pointing to PSY2L as a possible upstream negative regulator of PAP1 and TT8. Expression of the sugar-phosphate transporter  GPT2 , important for cellular sugar and phosphate homeostasis, was enhanced 7–8 times. Several DNA damage response genes, including the cell cycle inhibitor gene  WEE1 , were up-regulated in  psy2l . The activation of DNA repair signaling genes, in combination with phenotypic traits showing aberrant root meristem and sensitivity to the genotoxic cisplatin, substantiate the involvement of Arabidopsis PSY2L in maintenance of genome integrity.

PLATINUM SENSITIVE 2 LIKE impacts growth, root morphology, seed set, and stress responses