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Leptospermum scoparium  or mānuka is a New Zealand native medicinal plant that produces an essential oil with antimicrobial properties. This is the first study to investigate the structure and bioactivity of endophytic bacteria in mānuka by using a combination of cultivation-independent (DGGE) and dependent approaches. A total of 23 plants were sampled across three sites. Plants were considered either immature (3–8 years) or mature (>20 years). The endophyte community structure and richness was affected by plant tissue and bacterial communities became more stable and uniform as plant maturity increased. A total of 192 culturable bacteria were recovered from leaves, stems and roots. Some bacterial isolates showed  in vitro  biocontrol activity against two fungal pathogens,  Ilyonectria liriodendri  and  Neofusicoccum luteum  and a bacterial pathogen,  Pseudomonas syringae  pv.  actinidiae . A high proportion of bacterial endophytes could produce siderophores and solubilise phosphate  in vitro . Gammaproteobacteria was the most variable class, representing the majority of cultivated bacteria with bioactivity.

The Bacterial Signature of Leptospermum scoparium (Mānuka) Reveals Core and Accessory Communities with Bioactive Properties