English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Most  Plasmodium falciparum -detecting rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) target histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2). However,  P .  falciparum  isolates with deletion of the  pfhrp2  gene and its homolog gene,  pfhrp3 , have been detected. We carried out an extensive investigation on 365  P .  falciparum  dried blood samples collected from seven  P .  falciparum  endemic sites in Colombia between 2003 and 2012 to genetically characterise and geographically map  pfhrp2-  and/or  pfhrp3 -negative  P .  falciparum  parasites in the country. We found a high proportion of  pfhrp2 -negative parasites only in Amazonas (15/39; 38.5%), and these parasites were also  pfhrp3 -negative. These parasites were collected between 2008 and 2009 in Amazonas, while  pfhrp3 -negative parasites (157/365, 43%) were found in all the sites and from each of the sample collection years evaluated (2003 to 2012). We also found that all  pfhrp2 - and/or  pfhrp3 -negative parasites were also negative for one or both flanking genes. Six sub-population clusters were established with 93.3% (14/15) of the  pfhrp2 -negative parasites grouped in the same cluster and sharing the same haplotype. This haplotype corresponded with the genetic lineage B V1 , a multidrug resistant strain that caused two outbreaks reported in Peru between 2010 and 2013. We found this B V1  lineage in the Colombian Amazon as early as 2006. Two new clonal lineages were identified in these parasites from Colombia: the genetic lineages E V1  and F. PfHRP2 sequence analysis revealed high genetic diversity at the amino acid level, with 17 unique sequences identified among 53 PfHRP2 sequences analysed. The use of PfHRP2-based RDTs is not recommended in Amazonas because of the high proportion of parasites with  pfhrp2  deletion (38.5%), and implementation of new strategies for malaria diagnosis and control in Amazonas must be prioritised. Moreover, studies to monitor and genetically characterise  pfhrp2 -negative  P .  falciparum  parasites in the Americas are warranted, given the extensive human migration occurring in the region.

plos one

Genetic Characterisation of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates with Deletion of the pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 Genes in Colombia: The Amazon Region, a Challenge for Malaria Diagnosis and Control