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Aedes aegypti ,  Aedes albopictus  and  Culex quinquefasciatus  are vectors of dengue fever and West Nile virus diseases. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity, mechanism of action and the binding interaction of three active phenylpropanoids from  Piper sarmentosum  (Piperaceae) toward late 3 rd  or early 4 th  larvae of above vectors. A bioassay guided-fractionation on the hexane extract from the roots of  Piper sarmentosum  led to the isolation and identification of three active phenylpropanoids; asaricin  1 , isoasarone  2  and  trans -asarone  3 . The current study involved evaluation of the toxicity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition of these compounds against  Aedes aegypti ,  Aedes albopictus  and  Culex quinquefasciatus  larvae. Asaricin  1  and isoasarone  2  were highly potent against  Aedes aegypti ,  Aedes albopictus  and  Culex quinquefasciatus  larvae causing up to 100% mortality at ≤ 15 μg/mL concentration. The ovicidal activity of asaricin  1 , isoasarone  2  and  trans -asarone  3  were evaluated through egg hatching. Asaricin  1  and isoasarone  2  showed potent ovicidal activity. Ovicidal activity for both compounds was up to 95% at 25μg/mL. Asaricin  1  and isoasarone  2  showed strong inhibition on acetylcholinesterase with relative IC 50  values of 0.73 to 1.87 μg/mL respectively. These findings coupled with the high AChE inhibition may suggest that asaricin  1  and isoasarone  2  are neuron toxic compounds toward  Aedes aegypti ,  Aedes albopictus  and  Culex quinquefasciatus . Further computational docking with Autodock Vina elaborates the possible interaction of asaricin  1  and isoasarone  2  with three possible binding sites of AChE which includes catalytic triads (CAS: S238, E367, H480), the peripheral sites (PAS: E72, W271) and anionic binding site (W83). The binding affinity of asaricin  1  and isoasarone  2  were relatively strong with asaricin  1  showed a higher binding affinity in the anionic pocket.

plos one

Inhibition and Larvicidal Activity of Phenylpropanoids from Piper sarmentosum on Acetylcholinesterase against Mosquito Vectors and Their Binding Mode of Interaction