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The expression of and role played by RecA in protecting sporulating cells of  Bacillus subtilis  from DNA damage has been determined. Results showed that the DNA-alkylating agent Mitomycin-C (M-C) activated expression of a P  recA   -gfpmut3a  fusion in both sporulating cells’ mother cell and forespore compartments. The expression levels of a  recA-lacZ  fusion were significantly lower in sporulating than in growing cells. However, M-C induced levels of ß-galactosidase from a  recA-lacZ  fusion ~6- and 3-fold in the mother cell and forespore compartments of  B .  subtilis  sporangia, respectively. Disruption of  recA  slowed sporulation and sensitized sporulating cells to M-C and UV-C radiation, and the M-C and UV-C sensitivity of sporangia lacking the transcriptional repair-coupling factor Mfd was significantly increased by loss of RecA. We postulate that when DNA damage is encountered during sporulation, RecA activates the SOS response thus providing sporangia with the repair machinery to process DNA lesions that may compromise the spatio-temporal expression of genes that are essential for efficient spore formation.

The RecA-Dependent SOS Response Is Active and Required for Processing of DNA Damage during Bacillus subtilis Sporulation