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Ferredoxin (Fd) protein as unique electron acceptor, involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes, which is indispensable for plant growth. The molecular mechanisms of Fd such as regulation of electron partitioning, impact of photosynthetic rate and involvement in the carbon fixing remain elusive in rice. Here we reported a heading date delay and yellowish leaf 1 ( hdy1 ) mutant derived from Japonica rice cultivar “ Nipponbare ” subjected to EMS treatment. In the paddy field, the  hdy1  mutant appeared at a significantly late heading date and had yellow-green leaves during the whole growth stage. Further investigation indicated that the abnormal phenotype of  hdy1  was connected with depressed pigment content and photosynthetic rate. Genetic analysis results showed that the  hdy1  mutant phenotype was caused by a single recessive nuclear gene mutation. Map-based cloning revealed that  OsHDY1  is located on chromosome 3 and encodes an ortholog of the At FdC2  gene. Complementation and overexpression, transgenic plants exhibited the mutant phenotype including head date, leaf color and the transcription levels of the FdC2 were completely rescued by transformation with  OsHDY1 . Real-time PCR revealed that the expression product of  OsHDY1  was detected in almost all of the organs except root, whereas highest expression levels were observed in seeding new leaves. The lower expression levels of  HDY1  and content of iron were detected in  hdy1  than WT’s. The FdC2::GFP was detected in the chloroplasts of rice. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression of many photosynthetic electron transfer related genes in  hdy1  were higher than WT. Our results suggest that OsFdC2 plays an important role in photosynthetic rate and development of heading date by regulating electron transfer and chlorophyll content in rice.

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Functional Inactivation of Putative Photosynthetic Electron Acceptor Ferredoxin C2 (FdC2) Induces Delayed Heading Date and Decreased Photosynthetic Rate in Rice