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Objective  To assess potential effects of variants in six lipid modulating genes ( SORT1 ,  HMGCR ,  MLXIPL ,  FADS2 ,  APOE  and  MAFB ) on early development of dyslipidemia independent of the degree of obesity in children, we investigated their association with total (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels in 594 children. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression profile of the candidate genes during human adipocyte differentiation.    Results  Expression of selected genes increased 10 1  to >10 4  fold during human adipocyte differentiation, suggesting a potential link with adipogenesis. In genetic association studies adjusted for age, BMI SDS and sex, we identified significant associations for rs599839 near  SORT1  with TC and LDL-C and for rs4420638 near  APOE  with TC and LDL-C. We performed Bayesian modelling of the combined lipid phenotype of HDL-C, LDL-C and TG to identify potentially causal polygenic effects on this multi-dimensional phenotype and considering obesity, age and sex as a-priori modulating factors. This analysis confirmed that rs599839 and rs4420638 affect LDL-C.    Conclusion  We show that lipid modulating genes are dynamically regulated during adipogenesis and that variants near  SORT1  and  APOE  influence lipid levels independent of obesity in children. Bayesian modelling suggests causal effects of these variants.

Genetic Contribution of Variants near SORT1 and APOE on LDL Cholesterol Independent of Obesity in Children