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Salmonella enterica  subsp.  enterica  serovar  1 ,4,[5],12:i:- is a monophasic variant of  Salmonella  Typhimurium, which has recently been recognized as an emerging cause of infection worldwide. This bacterium has also ranked among the four most frequent serovars causing human salmonellosis in China. However, there are no reports on its contamination in Chinese food. Serotyping, polymerase chain reaction, antibiotic resistance, virulotyping, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) assays were used to investigate the prevalence of this serological variant in food products in China, and to determine phenotypic and genotypic difference of monophasic isolates and  Salmonella  Typhimurium isolated over the same period.  Salmonella   1 ,4,[5],12:i:- was prevalent in various food sources, including beef, pork, chicken, and pigeon. The study also confirmed the high prevalence (53.8%) of resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline in  Salmonella   1 ,4,[5],12:i:-, which was higher than that in  Salmonella  Typhimurium. Moreover,  Salmonella   1 ,4,[5],12:i:- isolates in our study were different from  Salmonella  Typhimurium isolates by the absence of three plasmid-borne genes ( spvC ,  pefA , and  rck ) and the presence of  gipA  in all isolates. All  Salmonella   1 ,4,[5],12:i:- isolates demonstrated MLST pattern ST34. Genomic deletions within the  fljBA  operon and surrounding genes were only found in  Salmonella   1 ,4,[5],12:i:- isolates, with all isolates containing a deletion of  fljB . However,  hin  and  iroB  were identified in all  Salmonella   1 ,4,[5],12:i:- isolates. Three different deletion profiles were observed and two of them were different from the reported  Salmonella   1 ,4,[5],12:i:- clones from Spain, America, and Italy, which provided some new evidence on the independent evolution of the multiple successful monophasic clones from  Salmonella  Typhimurium ancestors. This study is the first report of  Salmonella   1 ,4,[5],12:i:- in food products from China. The data are more comprehensive and representative, providing valuable information for epidemiological studies, risk management, and public health strategies.

Prevalence and Characterization of Monophasic Salmonella Serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- of Food Origin in China