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Soil respiration ( Rs ) is a major source of carbon emission in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the fact that the influence of land use practice on  Rs  has been widely studied, the patterns and drivers on  Rs  of  Citrus reticulata  cultivation, a worldwide land use practice are unclear. In this current study, we investigated the influence of long-term cultivation of  Citrus reticulata  (CO) and of CO intercropped with soybean (CB) on soil nutrients, water availability, and  Rs  in southern China. Results indicated that after 21 years of cultivation, CO and CB significantly increased total soil carbon (TC), total soil nitrogen (TN), and soil organic matter (OM) at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm, both at upslope and downslope compared with bare soil (CK). However, soil moisture (SM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) decreased under CB. In addition, no significant variation was found in soil pH between CK, CO, and CB. Across incubation time (56 days),  Rs  decreased exponentially with incubation time and CB showed the highest  Rs  rate irrespective of soil depth or topography. Linear regression further showed TC and TN as the two major factors influencing  Rs  upslope, while DOC was the dominant factor in regulating  Rs  downslope. These findings demonstrated that long-term cultivation of citrus significantly changed soil nutrients, water availability, and  Rs  rate.

Patterns and Drivers of Soil Respiration under Long-Term Citrus reticulate in Southern China