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Few reports from Africa suggest that resistance pattern, virulence factors and genotypes differ between  Staphylococcus aureus  from nasal carriage and clinical infection. We therefore compared antimicrobial resistance, selected virulence factors and genotypes of  S .  aureus  from nasal carriage and clinical infection in Southwest Nigeria. Non-duplicate  S .  aureus  isolates were obtained from infection (n = 217) and asymptomatic carriers (n = 73) during a cross sectional study in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria from 2010–2011. Susceptibility testing was performed using Vitek automated systems. Selected virulence factors were detected by PCR. The population structure was assessed using  spa  typing. The  spa  clonal complexes (spa-CC) were deduced using the Based Upon Repeat Pattern algorithm (BURP). Resistance was higher for aminoglycosides in clinical isolates while resistances to quinolones and tetracycline were more prevalent in carrier isolates. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) was more frequently detected in isolates from infection compared to carriage (80.2 vs 53.4%; p<0.001, chi 2 -test). Seven methicillin resistant  S .  aureus  isolates were associated with  spa  types t002, t008, t064, t194, t8439, t8440 and t8441. The predominant  spa  types among the methicillin-susceptible  S .  aureus  isolates were t084 (65.5%), t2304 (4.4%) and t8435 (4.1%). spa-CC 084 was predominant among isolates from infection (80.3%, n = 167) and was significantly associated with PVL (OR = 7.1, 95%CI: 3.9–13.2, p<0.001, chi 2-  test). In conclusion, PVL positive isolates were more frequently detected among isolates from infection compared to carriage and are associated with spa-CC 084.

plos one

Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Infection and Asymptomatic Carriers in Southwest Nigeria